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                        <h2 class="breadcrumb__title">History & Milestones</h2>
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                                <h2>History & Milestones</h2>
                                <p>The story of ESE is one of continuity, evolution, and expansion. The department
                                    inherits a long and respected tradition in electronics at IISc, while also actively
                                    reshaping itself to respond to the changing landscape of the field. As electronics
                                    expanded beyond conventional boundaries—into semiconductors, systems, intelligence,
                                    healthcare, security, and quantum technologies—the department too broadened its
                                    ambitions, its faculty strengths, and its institutional role.</p>

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                                <p>While the deeper historical arc of the department will continue to be refined through
                                    archival work and the ESE (& CEDT) History Committee, the recent trajectory is
                                    already clear. Over the last decade, ESE has expanded from a strong academic
                                    department into a broader capability platform with growing national relevance. It
                                    has built new research laboratories, entered multiple emerging domains, deepened
                                    industry engagement, expanded student numbers, and taken on roles in mission-scale
                                    programs that extend well beyond conventional departmental boundaries.</p>

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                                            <th>Period</th>
                                            <th>Selected Milestones</th>
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                                            <td>Legacy to transition phase</td>
                                            <td>
                                                Growth from the department’s earlier identity in electronics and
                                                training-oriented systems engineering toward a broader research-led role
                                                in devices, circuits, systems, and applications.
                                            </td>
                                        </tr>

                                        <tr>
                                            <td>2013–2020</td>
                                            <td>
                                                Expansion of faculty strengths in semiconductors, security, healthcare
                                                systems, networking, data storage, quantum information, and embedded
                                                systems; establishment of multiple new labs and stronger industrial
                                                collaborations.
                                            </td>
                                        </tr>

                                        <tr>
                                            <td>2016 onwards</td>
                                            <td>
                                                Rise of major semiconductor, GaN, 2D-materials, and ESD-related
                                                activities; stronger engagement with national programs and industrial
                                                technology development.
                                            </td>
                                        </tr>

                                        <tr>
                                            <td>2020 onwards</td>
                                            <td>
                                                Acceleration of work in quantum technologies, secure hardware, AI
                                                systems, neuromorphic platforms, and cyber-physical systems; increased
                                                translational ambition across multiple labs.
                                            </td>
                                        </tr>

                                        <tr>
                                            <td>2023–2025</td>
                                            <td>
                                                Further strengthening of department-wide capability in quantum
                                                technologies, secure and efficient computing, healthcare electronics,
                                                and future semiconductor platforms; expansion of skilling, strategic,
                                                and national initiatives.
                                            </td>
                                        </tr>

                                        <tr>
                                            <td>August 2025 onwards</td>
                                            <td>
                                                A deliberate department-level effort begins to reshape ESE’s systems,
                                                teaching culture, student frameworks, research culture, public identity,
                                                admissions outreach, alumni rebuilding, committee-led governance, and
                                                long-horizon mission positioning.
                                            </td>
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                                        <tr>
                                            <td>2025–2035 vision phase</td>
                                            <td>
                                                ESE articulates a future defined by three overarching thrusts—Quantum,
                                                Semiconductor & VLSI, and AI & Intelligent Systems—supported by mission
                                                programs such as the 2D Innovation Hub, ASTRA, secure electronics,
                                                intelligent healthcare systems, and future computing initiatives.
                                            </td>
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